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NECO Government Questions and Answers 2022 Updated
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1a.
A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature. A bill does not become law until it is passed by the legislature as well as, in most cases, approved by the executive.
(1b)
(i) First reading:
This is the first stage of passing bill into law which requires the presentation of the drafted bill to the parliament. The bill is read to the hearing of the members of the legislature by the clerk of the house. After the title of the bill is read and there is no opposition, it will be printed into leaflets and distributed among the members for proper assessment before the second reading.
(ii) Second reading:
This is the stage which the bill will be deliberated and debated on. The presenter of the bill will be invited to explain the purpose of the bill and defend it. After which, the members will vote the bill to the next stage. If the bill receives majority votes, it will move to the next stage and if not, it will end without any amendment.
(iii) The committee stage:
Here, the bill is passed to one or more committees in the house for necessary amendment and discussion. There are different committees in the house which deliberate on different matters.
(iv) Report stage:
This is the stage in which the various findings about the bill will be documented during the of amendment. The findings or reports about the bill will be read by the speaker or Chairman of the standing committees.
(v) Third reading:
This is the last stage in which proper assessment and scrutinization will be carried out to ensure that the bill is properly amended. During this stage, another and final vote will be carried out before the bill is presented to the executive for approval. Once the assent is given to the bill by the executive president, then it bcomes law
(NO2)
– Immunity: Immunity is the special right granted to certain individuals in position of authority which shield them from prosecution while in office regardless of the offence committed. Such people are diplomats, presidents and governors.
– Administrative Tribunal: They are set up to try erring public officers. While ordinary citizens are tried in the ordinary courts.
– Delegated Legislation: Delegated legislation refers to laws and orders promulgated by bodies other than parliaments.
– Over Crowding of the Court: Cases are delayed sometimes as a result of insufficient judges to handle cases and this result into keeping accused person for too long.
– Emergency Period: Citizens of a country may be denied some of their human rights during state of emergency. Rights such as freedom of movement when curfew is declared during emergency.
Ignorance and Poverty: Many die in silence as a result of ignorance as they fail to pursue their case in the court of law.
(NO3)
CITIZEN
– A citizen owes allegiance to his country.
– A citizen has political and fundamental rights.
– At the time of war a citizen can be compelled by the government to join military service.
– A citizen automatically acquires the citizenship of his country by virtue of his being born in the country, an alien can only become a citizen through a process of naturalization and registration.
– A citizen’s citizenship cannot be revoked even if he commits a crime, as it is not a privileged status.
– A citizen have a greater sense of security.
ALIEN
– An alien does not owe allegiance.
– An alien does not have any right to participate in government process.
– An alien cannot be compelled to undertake military activities.
– An application by an alien for naturalization may be rejected by the government of the country of his domicile.
– An alien citizenship of a naturalized Citizen can be revoked if he is convicted of a serious crime.
– An alien live under a state of fear (fear of arrest, fear of mob attack, fear of destruction of property etc).
NO (4)
– Organizing and Conducting Elections: The Electoral commission has the sole responsibility of organizing and conducting all elections in a political system.
– Ensuring free and fair elections: It is also the specific duty of the commission to conduct Free and Fair Elections in a country.
– Announcement of Election Results: The body only, is permitted by law to announce election results.
– Honesty and Fair Play: An electoral commission is expected to be honest and just in decision making especially with the conduct of the elections.
– Headed by a Chairman: The commission is controlled by the chairman, while other members are appointed. – Fixed Tenure of Office: The composition of the electoral commission has a stipulated tenure of office.
NO (5)
(i) The rulers of the nation are elected by the public.
(ii) It is a government run by and for the people.
(iii). Democracy improves the quality of decision-making.
(iv) Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts.
(v) Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.
(vi) Democracy is better than other forms of government because it allows us to correct our own mistakes.
(8)
– Structure of the Legislature at the Centre:
The conference agreed that there should be a bicameral legislature at the centre. That is, there should be a Senate and a House of Representatives for the country. The Senate should have twelve (12) members from each region respectively and four from Lagos.
– Creation of Office of Prime Minister:
There was agreement among the parties at the conference that the post of Prime Minister should be created. The Governor-General was given the power to appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the party with the largest majority in the House of Representatives.
– Regional Self-government:
The conference acceded to the demands of the regions to be self-governing. Consequently, the Eastern and Western Regions achieved self government in August 1957 and the Northern Region in March, 1959.
– Creation of House of Chiefs for the Eastern Region:
The conference discussed the request for a second chamber for the Eastern Region and agreed that a House of Chiefs comprising 60 members should be established in the region. This was meant to bring the region in line with the other regions, which were already bicameral.
– Status of Lagos:
The conference observed that there were conflicting proposals on the status of Lagos as the federal capital. Both the Northern and Eastern Regions argued that Lagos should have a separate status but delegates from the Western Region contended that Lagos should be part of the region.
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